ABSTRACT
Thermal management remains a critical constraint in the design and operation of high-performance electrical machines. With increasing power density requirements, conventional air and liquid cooling methods often become inadequate. Cryogenic cooling techniques, combined with advanced thermal enhancement strategies, offer significant improvements in machine efficiency, power density, and reliability. This paper reviews recent developments in cryogenic cooling, thermal conductivity enhancement, and hybrid cooling solutions for electrical machines. The effects on stator and rotor design, insulation, and overall machine performance are discussed. Tables and 2D figures illustrate key concepts, comparative performance metrics, and thermal distributions. Emerging trends and practical challenges are also addressed.
KEYWORDS: - Cryogenic cooling, Thermal enhancement, Electrical machines, High-power density, Liquid nitrogen, Advanced cooling techniques
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