Authors : Dr. Ananya Sharm, Rahul Verma
Abstract : Land subsidence in mining areas is a critical geo-environmental hazard that can severely impact infrastructure, ecosystems, and human settlements. It is primarily caused by underground void formation due to mineral extraction, leading to gradual or sudden sinking of the ground surface. Remote sensing techniques, especially Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), LiDAR, and optical imagery analysis, have emerged as cost-effective, large-scale, and repeatable tools for mapping and monitoring subsidence. This paper discusses the principles, methodologies, and practical applications of these remote sensing techniques in mining regions, with specific reference to case studies from India and abroad. It also highlights the integration of remote sensing outputs into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial risk assessment, and outlines the advantages and limitations of each method. By synthesizing recent advancements and field applications, the paper emphasizes a multi-sensor, hybrid approach to achieve precise and sustainable subsidence monitoring in mining zones.
Keywords : Land subsidence, Mining areas, Remote sensing, InSAR, LiDAR, GIS mapping, Deformation monitoring
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