Journal of Remote Sensing, Environmental Science & Geotechnical Engineering ISSN: 3107-7366 (Online)

Authors : Dr. Meera K. Sharma, Arjun Dev

ABSTRACT : Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most critical environmental issues facing the planet today. While the impact of plastic waste in oceans has gained widespread attention, its effects on terrestrial ecosystems, particularly soil and freshwater bodies, are equally alarming but less understood. This paper explores the pathways through which plastic particles—ranging from macroplastics to microplastics—enter soil and water systems, interact with biota, and disrupt ecological and biochemical processes. The accumulation of plastics in soil affects aeration, water retention, microbial activity, and nutrient cycles, while in water bodies, plastic contaminants harm aquatic organisms, alter water chemistry, and contribute to bioaccumulation in the food chain. This paper also outlines the emerging research into nanoplastics and their potential toxicological impacts, providing a crucial overview of the scientific, societal, and regulatory dimensions of the problem. A special focus is placed on recent field studies, remote sensing integration, and sustainable waste management practices aimed at mitigating these threats. As we advance into the Anthropocene, understanding and addressing the impacts of plastic pollution on soil and water is essential for maintaining biodiversity, ensuring food and water security, and preserving the health of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Keywords : Plastic pollution, microplastics, soil contamination, water pollution, nanoplastics, ecosystem health, environmental monitoring.