Journal of Research in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN: 3108-0952 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Ananya Rao, Dr. Karan Malhotra

ABSTRACT: Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by harnessing the host immune system to target malignant cells. However, limitations such as off target effects, poor immune cell infiltration, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments restrict its efficacy. Nanotechnology-assisted immunotherapy offers novel strategies to overcome these barriers by enhancing targeted delivery, improving antigen presentation, and modulating the tumor microenvironment. This paper reviews current approaches in nanotechnology-based immunotherapy, including nanoparticle-mediated vaccine delivery, immune checkpoint modulation, and adoptive cell therapies. Mechanisms of immune activation, tumor targeting, and safety considerations are discussed. Tables summarizing nanoparticle types, their immunotherapeutic roles, and clinical outcomes are provided. Nanotechnology holds promise for improving the precision, efficacy, and safety of cancer immunotherapy, paving the way for next-generation combinatorial treatments.

KEYWORDS: Nanotechnology, Cancer immunotherapy, Nanoparticles, Tumor microenvironment, Immune checkpoint, Vaccine delivery, Targeted therapy