Authors: Dr. Meera Sharma, Dr. Rahul Sen
ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the complex interplay between viral pathogenesis and host immune responses. While most patients recover from acute infection, a significant proportion experience long-term sequelae termed long-COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. This paper examines the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, emphasizing innate and adaptive immune dysregulation, cytokine storm phenomena, and immune evasion mechanisms. Mechanistic insights into long-COVID, including chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmunity, are discussed. Tables summarize key immunological features, clinical manifestations, and potential therapeutic interventions. Understanding both acute and chronic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is critical for developing targeted therapies and mitigating long term health impacts.
KEYWORDS: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Immunopathogenesis, Cytokine storm, Long-COVID, Inflammation, Autoimmunity
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