Journal of Research in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN: 3108-0952 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Rohan Verma, Dr. Aditi Sharma

ABSTRACT: The interplay between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the gut microbiome represents a burgeoning area in cancer therapy. Recent studies highlight that the microbiota can influence therapeutic efficacy, modulate immune-related adverse effects, and potentially serve as predictive biomarkers for patient response. This paper explores the underlying mechanisms of immune checkpoint modulation by the microbiome, examines preclinical and clinical evidence, and discusses therapeutic strategies for leveraging microbiome cross-talk to enhance ICI efficacy. The review further considers translational approaches, including microbiome modulation via probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), underscoring the critical role of personalized interventions in optimizing cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

KEYWORDS: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, microbiome, cancer immunotherapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, therapeutic synergy, predictive biomarkers.