Journal of Research in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN: 3108-0952 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Nisha Patil, Dr. Arjun Mehra

ABSTRACT: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect over one billion people worldwide, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite their substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impact, vaccine development for NTDs has lagged due to scientific, economic, and logistical challenges. This paper reviews the current landscape of vaccines for major NTDs, including leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and Chagas disease. Limitations such as antigenic variability, complex life cycles, low commercial incentives, and inadequate clinical trial infrastructure are discussed. Emerging vaccine platforms, including recombinant protein vaccines, viral vectors, and mRNA-based vaccines, are evaluated for their potential to overcome existing barriers. The review also emphasizes strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy, safety, and accessibility. Understanding the limitations and prospects of NTD vaccines is essential to accelerate their development and implementation, ultimately reducing the global burden of these diseases.

KEYWORDS: Neglected tropical diseases, vaccines, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, vaccine platforms, global health.