Journal of Research in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN: 3108-0952 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Priyanka Sharma, Dr. Rohit Malhotra

Abstract: The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the exploration of alternative antimicrobial strategies. Bacteriophage therapy, employing viruses that specifically target bacteria, offers a promising solution. This paper reviews the mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and current applications of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative to traditional antibiotics. Phages exhibit high specificity, minimal disruption of normal microbiota, and the ability to replicate at infection sites. Clinical applications in bacterial infections, biofilm eradication, and agricultural and environmental contexts are discussed. Limitations, including narrow host range, bacterial resistance, and regulatory challenges, are addressed. Emerging strategies, such as engineered phages, phage cocktails, and synergistic phage-antibiotic therapy, are evaluated. Understanding bacteriophage biology and therapeutic potential is crucial to combat the global threat of antibiotic resistance and develop effective, sustainable antimicrobial interventions.

Keywords: Bacteriophage therapy, antibiotics, multidrug resistance, phage cocktails, bacterial infections, antimicrobial alternatives, biofilm eradication.