Authors: Dr. Richa Sharma, Dr. Anil Mehra
Abstract: Epigenetic modifications play a pivotal role in immune cell differentiation, activation, and functional plasticity. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs orchestrate gene expression programs that determine lineage commitment and effector functions of immune cells. Dysregulation of these mechanisms contributes to impaired immunity, autoimmunity, and susceptibility to infections. This review explores key epigenetic regulators influencing T-cell, B-cell, and innate immune cell development, with emphasis on molecular pathways, functional consequences, and therapeutic potential. Tables summarize epigenetic marks, associated enzymes, and their roles in immune regulation. Challenges in translating epigenetic insights into clinical applications and recent advances in targeted epigenetic therapies are discussed. Understanding the interplay between epigenetic modifications and immune function offers promising avenues for immunomodulation and precision medicine.
Keywords: Epigenetics, immune cell differentiation, DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA, T-cell plasticity, immunotherapy.
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