Journal of Research in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN: 3108-0952 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Neha Agarwal, Dr. Karthik Rao

Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity, making them central to vaccine development. They capture, process, and present antigens to T lymphocytes, initiating targeted immune responses. This review explores DC subsets, their mechanisms of antigen uptake and presentation, and the molecular pathways that modulate T-cell activation. The role of DCs in shaping humoral and cellular immunity, their migration to lymphoid organs, and cross-presentation capabilities are discussed. Furthermore, strategies for leveraging DCs in next-generation vaccines, including DC-targeted antigens, adjuvants, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems, are analyzed. Understanding the immunobiology of DCs can inform rational vaccine design, improve immunogenicity, and enhance protective responses against infectious and malignant diseases.

Keywords: Dendritic cells, antigen presentation, vaccine design, adaptive immunity, cross-presentation, immunotherapy, immunogenicity.