Journal of Research in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN: 3108-0952 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Rohan Mehta, Dr. Kavita Joshi

Abstract: The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens poses a significant threat to global public health. The increasing prevalence of multidrug- resistant bacteria compromises the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and complicates the treatment of infectious diseases. This paper explores the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance, identifies the most prevalent emerging resistant pathogens, and reviews contemporary strategies for control and mitigation. Mechanisms such as genetic mutation, horizontal gene transfer, and biofilm formation contribute to pathogen resilience. Notably, pathogens including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) have become major clinical concerns. Control strategies encompass antibiotic stewardship, development of novel antimicrobial agents, rapid diagnostic techniques, vaccination programs, and infection prevention and control measures. Tables highlighting key resistant pathogens and current control approaches are included. By integrating surveillance, innovative therapeutic strategies, and public health interventions, the global impact of antibiotic resistance can be mitigated effectively.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Emerging pathogens, MRSA, CRE, VRE, Infection control, Antimicrobial stewardship