Journal of Research in Microbiology and Immunology ISSN: 3108-0952 (Online)

Authors : Dr. Ananya Gupta, Rohan Mehta

Abstract: The complement system is a critical component of innate immunity, acting as a first line of defense against pathogens through opsonization, cell lysis, and inflammation. This paper explores the mechanisms of complement activation via classical, lectin, and alternative pathways and their roles in pathogen recognition and elimination. The regulatory mechanisms ensuring host protection and preventing overactivation are also discussed. A table summarizing key complement components, activation pathways, and associated functions is provided. Understanding the complement system is vital for developing therapies for infections, autoimmune diseases, and complement-mediated disorders.

Keywords: Complement system, innate immunity, classical pathway, lectin pathway, alternative pathway, opsonization, inflammation, complement regulation