Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technological paradigm that is significantly influencing product engineering across various industries. By enabling physical products to sense, communicate, and interact with their environment, IoT enhances product functionality, reliability, and user experience. In product engineering, IoT supports data-driven design, real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and continuous improvement throughout the product life cycle. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of IoT in product engineering, covering its architecture, enabling technologies, integration across design and manufacturing stages, and its impact on quality, sustainability, and innovation. Practical applications and industrial use cases are discussed to highlight real-world benefits and challenges. The paper also examines key issues such as data security, interoperability, and system complexity. Finally, future trends and research directions are outlined, emphasizing the growing importance of IoT-enabled intelligent and connected products in modern engineering practice.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Product Engineering, Smart Products, Digital Manufacturing, Product Life Cycle, Industry 4.0
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