Author: Dr. Nisha Verma, Dr. Vikram Singh
Abstract: Poor aqueous solubility remains a major challenge in the formulation of pharmaceutical compounds, limiting bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Solid dispersion (SD) techniques have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. This paper reviews recent advances in SD technologies, including hot-melt extrusion, spray drying, freeze-drying, and supercritical fluid techniques. Emphasis is placed on the selection of carriers, formulation optimization, and characterization methods that influence drug release profiles. Comparative analyses of conventional and modern approaches highlight improvements in solubility, stability, and scalability. The study also discusses current challenges and future perspectives in the application of solid dispersions for oral and parenteral drug delivery, emphasizing their role in overcoming biopharmaceutical limitations.
Keywords: Solid dispersion, Poorly soluble drugs, Hot-melt extrusion, Spray drying, Bioavailability enhancement, Supercritical fluid technique, Drug delivery.
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