Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Research ISSN: 3108-0839 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Anjali Mehra, Dr. Rohit Kapoor

Abstract : Animal testing has long served as a cornerstone of biomedical and toxicological research, providing insights into disease mechanisms, drug safety, and product efficacy. However, growing ethical concerns, high costs, and the limited translational validity of animal models have catalyzed a global shift toward alternative approaches. Recent advancements in computational modeling, organ-on-chip systems, and in vitro testing methods have made it increasingly feasible to replace, reduce, and refine animal usage. This paper explores the multifaceted strategies that aim to minimize reliance on animal testing, emphasizing the scientific innovations, ethical debates, regulatory transformations, and future prospects shaping the new paradigm of humane research.

Keywords : Animal testing, alternative methods, in vitro models, organ-on chip, ethical research, computational toxicology, 3Rs principle, predictive modeling, biomedical research, regulatory innovation.