Author: Dr. Neha Sharma, Mr. Rajiv Mehta.
Abstract: The integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into modern electrical grids has revolutionized energy distribution, monitoring, and control, giving rise to the concept of smart grids. However, this digital transformation introduces significant cybersecurity challenges that threaten operational stability, consumer privacy, and economic performance. Cyberattacks targeting smart grids may exploit vulnerabilities in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and distributed energy resources (DERs). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of cybersecurity risks in smart electrical grids, discusses recent cyberattack incidents, and examines advanced strategies such as intrusion detection systems, blockchain, artificial sintelligence, and quantum cryptography for securing grid operations. The study also explores the role of international standards, regulatory frameworks, and coordinated response plans in ensuring grid resilience. Recommendations are made for integrating proactive security-by-design principles to protect critical infrastructure in the evolving cyber threat landscape.
Keywords: Smart grid security, cyber threats, SCADA, intrusion detection, blockchain, quantum cryptography, grid resilience.
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