Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Charging Infrastructure: Current Trends and Challenges

Abstract

ABSTRACT Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a sustainable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Their adoption has increased globally due to advances in battery technologies, government incentives, and growing environmental awareness. However, the expansion of EVs is significantly constrained by the availability and efficiency of charging infrastructure. This paper reviews the current status of EV technologies, charging infrastructure, and key challenges in integration. Different charging techniques, smart grid integration, and policy frameworks are discussed. Finally, the paper highlights future directions for sustainable deployment of EVs and effective charging networks.

KEYWORDS: Electric vehicles, Charging infrastructure, Battery technologies, Smart grids, Renewable energy integration, fast charging.