Authors: V. Prakash, S. Meena Devi
Abstract: The rapid growth of portable, wearable, and battery-operated electronic devices has intensified the demand for low-power analog circuit design. Analog blocks such as amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, and data converters play a crucial role in interfacing real-world signals with digital systems. However, these circuits often
dominate power consumption, especially in mixed-signal systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study of low-power analog circuit design techniques aimed at
minimizing energy consumption while maintaining acceptable performance. Fundamental power dissipation mechanisms, design trade-offs, and circuit-level
optimization strategies are discussed. Techniques such as supply voltage scaling, bias current optimization, subthreshold operation, and low-power amplifier architectures are analyzed. Tables and two-dimensional figures are included to support the discussion. The paper provides a structured overview suitable for students,
researchers, and practicing engineers working on energy-efficient analog integrated circuit design.
Keywords: Low-power design, analog circuits, power dissipation, subthreshold operation, CMOS analog design, energy efficiency
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