Authors: Dr. Ritu P. Sinha, Dr. Anil K. Ghosh
Abstract: Fault-tolerant analog circuits are crucial in critical systems such as aerospace avionics, medical instrumentation, nuclear control, and industrial automation. Analog circuits, unlike digital systems, cannot rely solely on
redundancy and error-correcting codes due to their continuous nature. This paper investigates fault models, detection techniques, and design methodologies for enhancing the reliability of analog circuits. Approaches
such as redundant circuit architectures, self-checking analog blocks, and error compensation are analyzed. Trade-offs between performance, power, area, and reliability are discussed. Simulation studies and practical examples
illustrate design strategies. The paper concludes with an overview of future trends, including adaptive fault-tolerant designs and integration with IoT monitoring.
Keywords: Fault-tolerant circuits, analog reliability, critical systems, redundancy, self-checking circuits, error detection
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