Journal of Research in Electrical Circuits and Systems ISSN: 3139-2059 (Online)

Authors: A. Karthikeyan, S. Divya

Abstract: The emergence of smart grids has transformed traditional power systems by incorporating renewable energy sources, advanced metering infrastructure, and bidirectional energy flow. Electrical circuit theory provides a fundamental framework for modeling, simulation, and analysis of smart grids, enabling accurate representation of network components, load behavior, and control devices. This paper presents methods for smart grid modeling using circuit theory, covering both steady-state and dynamic approaches. Various modeling techniques, including equivalent circuits for distribution networks, inverter-based renewable sources, and demand-side management devices, are discussed. Tables and two-dimensional figures illustrate network configurations, voltage/current relationships, and system performance metrics. The paper serves as a guide for researchers and engineers in smart grid analysis and design.

Keywords: Smart grid, electrical circuit theory, distribution network modeling, renewable integration, simulation, power system analysis