Authors: Dr. Meera K. Joshi, Dr. Rakesh P. Choudhury
Abstract: Energy harvesting circuits convert ambient energy sources, such as solar, thermal, mechanical, and RF signals, into usable electrical energy. These circuits are pivotal for low-power devices, IoT sensors, wearable electronics, and remote monitoring systems. This paper reviews design principles, energy conversion techniques, power management, and storage integration in energy harvesting systems. Trade-offs between efficiency, size, output voltage regulation, and cost are discussed. Comparative tables illustrate different energy harvesting methods, conversion efficiencies, and applications.
Simulation and practical examples demonstrate design strategies for optimized energy capture and storage. Future trends in multi-source hybrid harvesting and intelligent power management are also explored.
Keywords: Energy harvesting, power management, low-power circuits, renewable energy, energy storage, IoT sensors
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