Authors: Dr. Ravi K. Sharma, Ms. Sneha Banerjee
Abstract: Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) systems are increasingly applied in consumer electronics, automotive cabins, and industrial environments to reduce unwanted acoustic noise. Electrical circuits in ANC systems are
responsible for sensing the noise, processing the signal, and generating an anti-noise signal for cancellation. This paper presents a comprehensive study of circuit-based ANC implementations, including microphone and sensor
interfaces, adaptive filter circuits, power amplifier drivers, and loudspeaker output stages. Design considerations for stability, convergence, and low- latency operation are discussed. Tables compare different ANC circuit topologies, adaptive algorithms, and performance metrics, while figures
illustrate representative circuit architectures. Future trends, including hybrid analog-digital ANC and low-power integrated solutions, are also explored.
Keywords: Active noise cancellation, adaptive filter, operational amplifier, microphone interface, speaker driver, LMS algorithm, signal processing
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