Authors: Dr. Radhika S. Menon, Dr. Anupam K. Roy
Abstract: Smart homes integrate sensors, actuators, and communication modules to provide automated, safe, and energy-efficient living environments. Central to this ecosystem are energy-efficient circuit designs that manage power distribution, control loads, and interface with smart devices. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of circuit design strategies for energy- efficient smart homes, covering low-power microcontroller-based control circuits, power management ICs, smart lighting and HVAC control circuits, and energy-harvesting interfaces. Design optimization, implementation challenges, and performance evaluation are discussed. Tables summarize key circuit parameters and trade-offs, and a 2D conceptual block diagram illustrates an integrated smart home circuit framework. Emerging trends, including IoT-enabled energy management and AI-driven load optimization, are also highlighted.
Keywords: Smart home circuits, Energy efficiency, Power management, IoT, Low-power design, Load control, Energy harvesting.
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