Journal of Chemical Engineering and Its Applications

Author: S. Sreeremya

Abstract: Nature has bestowed with enormous plant resources..Theflowers is now being availed as a dyeing agent.The trend of biodyeing has been formed from the time erstwhile. The current study focuses on an approach to extract the biodye from Peltophorum podand to identify whether pod can produce the dye in the different fabric majorly cotton fabric, cotton thread, nylon.

Author:-S. Sreeremya

Abstract:-waste management strategies were implemented in India have been failed due to various reasons, the major reasons are industrial growth and urbanization. The pollution impacts on aquatic communities can be observed directly to the industrialized centers, which discharge series of chemical pollutants to effluent systems. These wastes mainly encompasses a broad range of contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, benezenated chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals, various acids, alkalis, dyes and other chemicals which greatly change the nature of water in every aspect. In south India specifically in Kerala , as per the Kerala State Pollution Control Boards survey conducted in the year 2012 it is being stated that the quality of water is being reduced year after year. In comparison with several district, Palakkad district have also started to lose the water quality property highly during the rainy season due to the establishment and discharge of small scale industries and residential areas. So the major aim of the work is to understand the physiochemical properties of water collected from various rivers in Palakkad, majorly Kalpathy river, Kunthi river, Bharathapuzha river during the different seasons.

Authors: Adeeba Shamimb, Saba Beguma , Sadaf Mahfoozb , Arbab hussainb, Alvina Farooquia

Abstract : Currently, lack of soil fertility is the primary cause of declining per-capita food production in world (especially in developing countries). Biofertilizers are eco-friendly and have been attested to be active and economical alternative to chemical fertilizers with smaller input of capital and energy. Bio-fertilizers can play a significant role to preserve the natural soil habitat, while also improving fertility. More specifically, cyanobacteria have the capacity to fix atmospheric carbon and nitrogen which makes them attractive as a source of nitrogenous biofertilizer. The cyanobacteria tap the sun’s energy captured during photosynthesis to fix nitrogen from the air and turn it into a form which plants can use. Cyanobacteria can be useful for agricultural development because they offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound alternative to chemical fertilizers for comprehending the ultimate goal of increased productivity. Further, immobilization apprise the possibility of appropriate storage and transportation of desired cyanobacterial strains for using them as inoculum in crop fields and in poor quality soil to escalate the fixed nitrogen content.

Authors: Reena Sharma, Ashwini Sood

Abstract: The aim of this work was to develop a dynamic computer model for the seeded, semi-batch emulsion polymerization of styrene under monomer-starved conditions. The phenomenon of particle growth was modelled in adequate detail. The mechanistic details include: coupling of the radical concentration in the aqueous phase and the particle phase; determination of average number of radicals inside the particles by radical entry into, exit from and termination inside the particles; partitioning of the monomer in the aqueous phase and the particle phase governed by thermodynamic considerations and the variation of the propagation rate constant and the termination rate constant due to glass and gel effects. The model was validated against the experimental data of Liotta et al. (Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 36, 1553–1571 (1998)).

Authors: Virendra Kumar, Ashwini Sood

Abstract: The goal of the present work was to develop, solve and validate a mathematical model for the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. The mechanistic details include: particle formation via micellar nucleation mechanism; coupling of radical concentrations in the aqueous phase and the particle phase; determination of the average number of radicals in the particle by balance among the rate of radical entry into, exit from and termination inside, the particles assuming pseudo bulk kinetics. The model predictions for the time taken to achieve 50% conversion, at different emulsifier and initiator concentrations, were in good agreement with the experimental data.

Author: Ashwini Sood

Abstract: One important component of emulsion polymerization that is poorly understood at present is that of free radical entry. Several mechanisms have been proposed that have been discussed here. Theoretically calculated radical entry rates assuming collisional or diffusive transport mechanisms have been found to be several orders of magnitude greater than the experimentally reported values. The concept of activation energy as a barrier to radical entry has been proposed to explain this difference. Experimental works in support of this concept have been cited. It has been found through simulations that the radical entry in the micelles compared to that in the particles in conventional emulsion polymerization is an order of magnitude slower. Further, the radical entry in the droplets compared to that in the particles in miniemulsion polymerization is slower by two orders of magnitude. This concept is used to explain this in terms of higher activation energy for radical entry into micelles and droplets as compared to that in the particles.

Author: S. Sreeremya

Abstract: Waste management strategies implemented in India have failed due to various reasons, the major reasons are industrial growth and urbanization. The pollution impacts on marine communities can be observed directly to the industrialized centres, which release an series of chemical pollutants to effluent systems.. These wastes encompasses a broad range of contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals, various acids, alkalis, dyes and other chemicals which greatly change the nature of water in every aspect. In south India , as per the Kerala State Pollution Control Boards survey conducted in the year 2010 it is being stated that the quality of water is being reduced year after year. In comparison with several district, Palakkad district have also started to lose their water quality proiperty due to the establishment of small scale industries and residential areas. So the major aim of the work is to understand the physiochemical properties of water collected from various rivers in Palakkad, majorly Kalpathy river, Kunthi river, Bharathapuzha river.

Authors: Deepika D Mahale, Rachana R Dalbhanjan, Barnali S Banerjee, Shruti P Hinge, Ashish V Mohod

Abstract: Due to growing industrialization, it is necessary for instruments and machineries that can be work more smoothly and efficiently. As, most of the machineries are not lubricated conveniently or efficiently except basic oiling thus, it is necessary to use some semisolid lubricating grease that enhances the smooth functioning and reduce wear and tear of machineries. Thus in present work, an attempt has been made for recovering few basic challenges that are in front of now a day’s technologies to come forward with newer technology which will emerge with somewhat beneficial results. The present work deals with physicochemical properties of various metallic soap based greases such as calcium based and barium based. The present work has been devoted to the study of industrial utilization of neem oil and karanja oil with particular reference of the reaction such as preparation of metallic soap and application of these metallic soaps in industrial products such as lubricating greases.

Author: Ashwini Sood

Abstract: The goal of the present work was to develop a simple lumped model based on monodispersed particle size distribution assumption (all the particles have the same size at a given time) and validate this model against the experimental data of Miller [ Miller, C. M., Ph. D. Dissertation, Lehigh University, U. S. A. (1994)] for styrene emulsion polymerization. The variables considered were the maximum value of the rate of polymerization in Interval II, time at which this maximum occurred, the conversion at which this maximum occurred and the total number of particles formed. The maximum in the reaction rate profile in Interval II of styrene emulsion polymerization was first reported by Varela de la Rosa et al. [Varela de la Rosa, L., Sudol, E. D., El-Aasser, M. S. and Klein, A,. J. Polym Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 34, 461, (1996)] and this work provides an explanation of this result.

Authors: Ambereen Aziz Niaze, Ashwini Sood

Abstract: The goal of the present work was to validate a model for butyl acrylate emulsion polymerization based on the monodispersed particle size distribution assumption (all particles having the same particle size at a given time) which was previously developed by Sood and Singh ( Sood, A. and Singh,A., Indian Chemical Engineer, 54, 235 (2012)). The model was validated against the experimental data of Sajjadi and Brooks (Sajjadi, S. and Brooks, B. W., J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 37, 3957, (1999)) for the number of particles formed at different emulsifier, initiator and monomer amounts. Model predictions were in close agreement with the experimental data.

Authors: Sandeep Tripathi, Shahida Anjum.

Abstract: The membrane liquid (ML) or the organic phase must be immiscible with the feed/receiving phases. Feed phase typically contains solute that needs to be transported across the thin film of LM to the receiving phase. The transport of solute across the LM occurs due to the difference in solubility and diffusivity in the liquid film as well as the concentration gradients in the phases selective separation of the solute is possible if ML is chosen wisely so that only the target solute is soluble and diffusive in the membrane phase. When the solute is not soluble in the selected solvent, carrier/extracts is added in the solvents to increase the solubility of the solute by solute-carrier completion.

Authors: SandeepTripathi, Shahida Anjum, Ashwini Sood

Abstract: Vinyl acetate has drawn attention of the research community since early 60s and it has increased manifold in recent years. This review paper aims at exploring the use and work that had been done on vinyl acetate. Many scientists have much work on vinyl acetate. This review paper covering the work on vinyl acetate from 1962 to 2014.Formula of vinyl acetate is C4H6O2 where the Molar mass is 86.09 g/mol. Boiling point of vinyl acetae is 72.7 °C and having the Density is 934 kg/m³.

Authors: Sandeep Tripathi, Shahida Anjum^.

Now in recent years Bulk liquid membrane has attracted the attention of the researcher’s. This review paper aims at exploring the efficiency at BLM technology for the extraction/removal of many substances. Many scientists have much work on the BLM. Basically BLM having accepter phase, organic phase and a donor phase. Metal ions will be released into the acceptor phase, transporting of metal ions take place in the donor phase whereas in organic phase transport of metal ions take place between two aqueous phases. BLM is the simplest type used by numerous researchers in a wide variety of applications. As yet, the membrane phase used in various BLM applications is mainly composed of petroleum-based organic solvents, for instance kerosene, hexane and chloroform-based ones, which are invariably toxic, volatile, flammable and non-biodegradable. This puts the living organisms and, thus, human health in jeopardy when the toxic solvents are exposed to the environment. In addition, a rise in the material cost may be expected since the classical petroleum-based organic solvents could be extremely expensive due to the limited resources.

 

Keywords: Bulk-liquid membrane, Liquid Membrane, Membrane

Authors: D. P. Bhopate, P. G. Mahajana, D. K. Dalvia, A. H. Gore, A. A. Kamble, S. M. Majhi, K. M. Garadkar, G. B. Kolekar, Y-T. Yub, S. R. Patil

Abstract: Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) stabilized coronene nanowires (CoRNWs) were prepared bymodified reprecipitation method in aqueous solution under ultrasonic treatment. The prepared CoRNWsware explored as a recognition system for the quantification of dichromate ions (Cr(VI)) based on fluorescence quenching in aqueous medium. Fluorescence titration was performed, by adding incremental amounts of Cr(VI) ion in the concentration range of 0 - 150 ng.mL-1at pH = 8. The selectivity of CoRNWs was excellent to show high specificity for Cr(VI) over many interfering ions. The quenching method was applied for the determination of Cr(VI)from industrial effluents collected from nearby textile and dye industries. The recovery of the CoRNWs method when tested using the standard addition method was in the range of 99.0– 100.2 %. The limit of detection (LOD) for the probe was estimated as 6.7 ng.ml-1.

Author: Ms. R.M. HADAP

Abstract: 

A growing number of people believe alternative fuels will have an expanded role in the cars and trucks of tomorrow. Such interest has been spurred by three important considerations:

•  Alternative fuels generally have lower vehicle emissions that contribute to smog, air pollution and global warming
• Most alternative fuels don’t come from finite fossil-fuel resources and are sustainable
• Alternative fuels can help nations become more energy independent

Many politicians, automotive interest groups, and others advocate for the use of alternative fuels to replace fossil fuels. This paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the following: Natural Gas, Ethanol, Biodiesel, Hydrogen Fuel Cells. The paper concludes with a discussion on the problems associated with the automobile that will not be addressed through a movement towards alternative fuels: urban sprawl, transportation equity, environmental degradation, and public health.

Authors: Kavitha. G, Prof. Dr. N. Chitti Babu

Abstract: 

The present research work deals with the equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic study for the biosorption of lead ions from aqueous solutions using Morinda tinctoria leaf powder. The biosorption process is carried in batch process by varying six parameters: agitation time, biosorbent size and dosage, pH of the aqueous solution, initial metal concentration and temperature. The percentage biosorption increases with an increase in initial concentration of lead. The statistical analysis of biosorption using Response Surface methodology (RSM) was studied. The quadratic model for Central Composite Design (CCD) has fitted well to the experimental data. The experimental data are well described by Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich isotherm models.  The biosorption data follows pseudo second order kinetics. The biosorption is endothermic, irreversible and feasible. 

Authors: A.V.L.N.S.H. Hariharan, K. C. Purnima

Abstract: Leaching of chromium from ferrochrome slag (Kothavalasa) using hydrochloric and nitric acid media was attempted. Rate of leaching in both acids was found to be 1st order kinetics. Extraction of chromium (VI) by Tri methyl amine (TMA) dissolved in chloroform from nitric acid media has been carried out. Effect of concentrations of metal and TMA on the extraction has been studied. Attempts were also made to strip chromium from the organic phase with 0.2M NaOH. The extracted species are identified as TMA H+ Cr O3 X- .

Authors: Suryakala Duvvuri, Md. Asif, D. Rama murthy, K. Rama Krishna

Abstract: A surfactant mediated cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure has been developed to remove color from wastewater containing bromo cresol purple (BCP), using triton x-100 (TX-100) a nonionic surfactant. The effect of the concentration of the surfactant, pH, temperature and salt concentration on the different concentrations of dye have been studied and optimum conditions were obtained for the removal of bromo cresol purple. The concentration of BCP in the dilute phase was measured at 425nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the separation of phases was complete and the recovery of BCP was very effective in the presence of NaCl as an electrolyte. The results showed that up to 96% of BCP can quantitatively be removed by Cloud point extraction procedure in a single extraction using optimum conditions. Langmuir adsorption isotherms were calculated. The thermodynamic studies have also been conducted.