Nanoceramics & Smart Ceramics: Self-Healing, Sensing, and Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Nanoceramics and smart ceramics represent a transformative class of materials offering advanced functionalities such as self-healing, real-time sensing, and energy harvesting. These materials are increasingly gaining attention for their potential applications in structural health monitoring, biomedical devices, aerospace, and energy sectors. This review critically examines the recent progress in nanoceramics and smart ceramics, focusing on their unique properties, fabrication techniques, and practical applications. The emphasis is laid on their self-healing behavior enabled by nanoscale mechanisms, integrated sensing capabilities through embedded nanostructures, and potential in energy harvesting via piezoelectric and thermoelectric effects. In addition, challenges such as scalability, cost, and long-term durability are discussed alongside future directions to enable widespread adoption of these next-generation materials.

KEYWORDS: Nanoceramics, Smart Ceramics, Self-Healing, Sensing, Energy Harvesting, Advanced Materials.