Journal of Agricultural and Water Works Engineering

Authors: Ajay Kaushik, Siby John

Abstract: Use of pesticides provides an increase in economy of nation but at the same time it adversely affecting the environment. Pesticide residues are present in all compartments of the environment i.e. soil, sediments, water, fruits and vegetables. More persistent and less biodegradable pesticides (like organochlorines) cause serious health hazards due to its rapid solubility and bioaccumulation in non-targeted organisms. Pesticide drainage from agriculture fields is the major cause of water pollution especially from rice fields as it requires more irrigation which results into high drainage of pesticides with excess water from rice fields. The present study provides a review of surface runoff of pesticides from agriculture field and the factors affecting the surface runoff. It also include the data collection from different papers of surface water contamination of pesticide due to runoff. Data limitation is still a problem to make clear picture of surface water contamination by pesticides. Proper monitoring, assessment and reporting should be implemented to reduce the pesticide exposure.

Authors: George Mohan, Athulya Sabu, Gayathri R Menon, Glace Mathew, Jeffy Jacob

Abstract: In developing countries like India the biggest handicap to provide a complete net -work of road system is the limited finances available to build road by the conventional methods. The construction cost can be considerably decreased by selecting local materials including local soils for the construction of the lower layers of the pavement especially the sub-grade. Civil Engineers are in search of new competitive materials, which can be suitable and effectively used to face many challenges that have cropped up with time in the world. In India 20% the land areas is clay soils and are expansive in nature. These lands are found to be expensive for construction as well as maintenance of roads. Rice husk ash (RHA) is a pozzolanic material that could be potentially used in soil stabilization, though it is moderately produced and readily available. Plastic bottles is considered as a waste material which cause environmental issue. This paper compares the strength of clayey soil reinforced with waste plastic bottles and RHA with 0%, 10%, 20% 30%, 40%, 50% by weight of soil. The results indicate that the proposed method is very effective to improve the engineering properties of the clayey soil in terms of index properties, bearing capacity, compressive, and shear strength, which further enhanced the stability.