International Journal of Toxicology and Pharmacological Sciences

Author: Richa Patel

Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly employed in drug delivery systems (DDS) for targeted therapeutic applications. The unique physicochemical properties of NPs, such as their size, surface area, and reactivity, provide enhanced drug bioavailability and targeting efficiency. However, these properties also pose potential risks in terms of toxicity. The toxicological evaluation of nanoparticles is critical to understanding their safety profile before clinical translation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the toxicological evaluation of nanoparticles in drug delivery systems, covering the types of nanoparticles, their mechanisms of toxicity, in vitro and in vivo testing methods, and the regulatory frameworks for their safe use. The review also highlights the challenges in the toxicological assessment of nanoparticles, including issues related to their characterization, dose-response relationships, and long-term effects.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Drug Delivery Systems, Toxicological Evaluation, Biocompatibility, In Vivo Testing, In Vitro Testing, Nanomedicine, Regulatory Guidelines, Toxicity Mechanisms, Drug Targeting.