Phytochemical Investigation and Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants in Nigeria

Abstract

Nigeria possesses a vast diversity of medicinal plants widely used in traditional healthcare systems. Pharmacognosy and phytochemical sciences play a crucial role in validating these indigenous remedies through scientific evaluation. This study focuses on the pharmacognostic standardization and phytochemical screening of selected Nigerian medicinal plants including Azadirachta indica, Vernonia amygdalina, and Ocimum gratissimum. Standard procedures such as macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical analyses were performed. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides, indicating significant therapeutic potential. The study highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern analytical techniques to ensure drug safety, efficacy, and quality control.

KEYWORDS: Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Nigerian medicinal plants, Herbal medicine, Bioactive compounds