International Journal of Mechatronics and Manufacturing Technology ISSN: 3139-5058 (Online)

Authors: Raghuver Sharma, Mohan Lal Verma, Deepak Chatterjee

Abstract: Precision assembly is a critical requirement in modern manufacturing sectors such as electronics, biomedical devices, aerospace, and micro-mechanical systems. Conventional rigid robotic manipulators provide repeatability and speed, but often lack adaptability, compliance, and dexterity required for delicate or complex assembly tasks. Bio-inspired robotic manipulators, designed based on biological structures like human hands, octopus arms, elephant trunks, and insect limbs, offer promising solutions for precision assembly through enhanced flexibility, compliant grasping, and adaptive control. This paper presents a comprehensive review of bio-inspired robotic manipulators for precision assembly applications. The study discusses biological inspirations, design principles, actuation strategies, sensing integration, control techniques, and assembly performance. Advantages and challenges are analysed with respect to conventional industrial manipulators. Applications in micro-assembly, electronics assembly, and medical device manufacturing are reviewed. Finally, future research directions including soft robotics integration, AI-assisted control, and smart material actuators are presented. Bio-inspired manipulators show significant potential in improving precision, safety, and adaptability in next-generation assembly automation.

Keywords: Bio-inspired robotics, robotic manipulators, precision assembly, soft robotics, compliant grippers, industrial automation