Integrated Sensing and Communication (Isac) for Next-Generation Intelligent Wireless Systems: Architectures, Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Future Scope

Abstract

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of wireless networks, autonomous systems, and smart environments has increased the demand for highly efficient technologies capable of providing real-time data, robust connectivity, and intelligent decision-making capabilities. Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has emerged as a transformative paradigm that merges radar-like sensing and traditional wireless communication functionalities within a unified platform. This paper explores the principles, architectures, design considerations, and application domains of ISAC systems while highlighting current research progress, challenges, and future opportunities. By integrating sensing and communication within a shared spectrum and hardware infrastructure, ISAC offers the potential to enhance spectral efficiency, reduce hardware redundancy, and support advanced capabilities such as perception-aware networks, vehicular autonomy, and industrial automation. The discussions in this paper contribute to a holistic understanding of ISAC as a key enabler of next generation wireless networks.

KEYWORDS : Integrated Sensing and Communication, ISAC, Joint Radar-Communication, 6G Networks, Perception-Aware Systems, Intelligent Connectivity, Spectrum Coexistence.