Renewable Energy Integration in Modern Power Systems: Technical Constraints and Strategic Solutions for Enhancing Grid Stability, Flexibility, and Efficiency in a Decarbonized Energy Landscape

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and hydro into contemporary electrical power grids presents both an opportunity and a challenge. While these clean energy sources help achieve decarbonization goals, their intermittent and variable nature introduces complexities in grid management. This paper explores the key technical constraints associated with renewable energy integration, including issues of grid stability, frequency regulation, and reactive power management. It also provides strategic solutions such as energy storage systems, advanced forecasting models, smart inverters, and grid modernization approaches. The paper emphasizes a hybrid techno-economic approach to enable a seamless, reliable, and efficient integration of renewables into the modern power systems.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Grid Integration, Intermittency, Energy Storage, Smart Grid