Journal of Research in Electrical Circuits and Systems ISSN: 3139-2059 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Ananya R. Menon, Rohit P. Nair

Abstract: Accurate parameter estimation is essential for reliable circuit modeling and simulation. Parameter estimation techniques are used to extract component values and system characteristics from measured data to create precise models for SPICE simulations, real-time control, and fault diagnosis. This paper reviews techniques such as least squares, optimization-based methods, neural networks, and hybrid approaches for parameter estimation in analog, digital, and power electronic circuits. Challenges like measurement noise, nonlinearity, and computational complexity are discussed. Indian contributions from smaller institutions are highlighted. Tables and 2D figures illustrate estimation workflows, methods, and circuit-level applications.

Keywords: Parameter estimation, Circuit modeling, Optimization, Least squares, Neural networks, Electrical circuits, SPICE