Journal of Research in Electrical Circuits and Systems ISSN: 3139-2059 (Online)

Authors: K. Suresh Babu, L. Revathi

Abstract: Noise is an inherent and unavoidable phenomenon in analog electronic circuits, arising
from the physical properties of electronic components and devices. It limits the minimum detectable signal, degrades signal integrity, and significantly affects the performance of amplifiers, sensors, and communication systems. A thorough understanding of noise sources, modeling techniques, and noise mitigation strategies is essential for effective analog circuit design. This paper presents a detailed study of noise analysis in analog electronic circuits. Fundamental noise mechanisms such as thermal noise, shot noise, flicker noise, and burst noise are discussed along with their mathematical models. Noise analysis methods for basic analog building blocks, including resistive networks and amplifiers, are examined. The paper also highlights
design trade-offs between noise, power consumption, and bandwidth. Tables and two- dimensional figures are included to enhance clarity and understanding.

Keywords: Noise analysis, analog circuits, thermal noise, flicker noise, signal-to-noise ratio, low-noise design