Abstract
Multi-level inverters (MLIs) have emerged as a key technology in high-power and medium-voltage applications, including renewable energy integration, motor drives, and power quality improvement. Unlike conventional two-level inverters, MLIs produce output voltages with multiple discrete levels, reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) and switching losses. This paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-level inverter topologies, control strategies, modulation techniques, and design considerations. Comparative tables illustrate performance trade-offs for different architectures. Simulation and experimental insights demonstrate voltage waveform quality, efficiency, and reliability. The paper concludes with future trends, including hybrid MLIs, intelligent control, and grid integration.
Keywords: Multi-level inverter, THD, power electronics, renewable energy, PWM control, cascaded H-bridge
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