Journal of Research in Electrical Circuits and Systems ISSN: 3139-2059 (Online)

A monolithic integrated circuit is a collection of electrical circuits located on a single, flat, compact piece of semiconductor material, often silicon. A little chip has a large number of tiny MOSFETs (metal–oxide– semiconductor field–effect transistors). As a result, discrete electrical component circuits are orders of magnitude quicker, less expensive, and more compact. Because of its mass manufacturing capability, durability, and building-block manner of integrated circuit design, integrated circuits have swiftly supplanted discrete transistor designs. ICs have revolutionised the area of electronics by being employed in practically every electronic product. Integrated circuits (ICs), such as current computer processors and microcontrollers, have become intrinsically tied to the foundation of modern civilizations, including computers, smartphones, and other digital household appliances, due to their small design and low cost.

Keywords: MOSFET, IC, Transistor, Modern Computer Processors, Microcontrollers