Journal of Research in Electrical Circuits and Systems ISSN: 3139-2059 (Online)

Authors: Dr. Rajesh V. Menon, Swathi Nair

Abstract: Electrical control systems (ECS), including Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Industrial Control Systems (ICS), are increasingly connected to networks and cloud platforms, exposing them to cybersecurity threats. Cyberattacks on ECS can lead to operational disruption, safety hazards, and financial losses. This paper reviews cybersecurity issues in electrical control systems, highlighting attack vectors, system vulnerabilities, and risk assessment strategies. Circuit-level implications, communication vulnerabilities, and protection mechanisms are examined. Indian contributions and case studies from smaller institutions are also discussed. Tables and 2D diagrams illustrate typical ECS architectures, attack surfaces, and mitigation strategies.

Keywords: Electrical control systems, SCADA security, ICS cybersecurity, Network vulnerabilities, Threat mitigation