Authors: K. Suresh Kumar, P. Anitha
Abstract: The rapid growth of modern electrical and electronic systems has resulted in circuit networks of unprecedented size and complexity. Large-scale circuit networks are commonly encountered in integrated circuits, power transmission systems, communication infrastructures, and industrial automation. Conventional analytical techniques, such as direct application of Kirchhoff’s laws, become inefficient and computationally expensive when dealing with thousands or millions of circuit elements. Advanced methods for solving large-scale circuit networks have therefore become essential. This paper presents a detailed review of advanced computational and mathematical techniques used for analyzing large-scale electrical circuits. Methods based on matrix formulations, sparse system techniques, graph-theoretic approaches, numerical solvers, and iterative algorithms are discussed. The role of computer-aided tools and algorithmic optimizations is highlighted. Tables and two-dimensional figures are included to illustrate concepts and comparative performance. The paper concludes by emphasizing future research directions in scalable and intelligent circuit analysis methods.
Keywords: Large-scale circuits, numerical methods, sparse matrices, iterative solvers, circuit simulation, network analysis
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