Journal of Thermal Engineering and Technology

Author: Neha Singh

Abstract: This paper explores the role of environmentally friendly refrigerants in heat pump systems, focusing on their impact on performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability. The transition from traditional refrigerants, such as CFCs and HCFCs, to more environmentally benign alternatives like HFCs, natural refrigerants, and low-GWP substances is critical in mitigating global warming and ozone depletion. The performance metrics of heat pumps, including COP (Coefficient of Performance), energy consumption, and environmental footprint, are analyzed in relation to different refrigerants. The paper discusses recent advancements in refrigerant technology, their effects on system design, and their long-term benefits for the HVAC industry. It also highlights the regulatory landscape and the importance of adopting eco-friendly refrigerants in response to global climate change challenges.

Keywords: Environmentally Friendly Refrigerants, Heat Pump, Performance, Energy Efficiency, Sustainability, Global Warming Potential (GWP), Coefficient of Performance (COP), HVAC Systems, Natural Refrigerants, Energy Consumption

Author: Manish Sharma

Abstract: The rapid advancement of high-performance electronics has led to increased power densities, which in turn cause significant thermal challenges. As electronic devices continue to become smaller, faster, and more powerful, effective cooling techniques are essential to ensure reliability, performance, and longevity. This paper discusses innovative cooling techniques for high-performance electronics, focusing on cutting-edge methods that address the growing thermal management demands. Various passive and active cooling technologies, including microchannel heat sinks, phase change materials (PCMs), liquid cooling, and thermoelectric devices, are explored in depth. The paper also compares the effectiveness, challenges, and potential applications of each cooling technique, providing a comprehensive overview of their role in the evolving electronics industry.

Keywords: High-performance electronics, cooling techniques, thermal management, microchannel heat sinks, phase change materials, liquid cooling, thermoelectric devices, heat dissipation.

Authors: Rekha Singh, Shashank Mishra

Abstract: Thermoelectric materials have emerged as a promising technology for direct energy conversion between heat and electricity, offering sustainable solutions for energy recovery and utilization. This paper examines the principles, properties, advancements, and applications of thermoelectric materials, focusing on improving energy conversion efficiency. By integrating material engineering, structural optimization, and advanced manufacturing techniques, thermoelectric technologies have the potential to revolutionize the energy sector. The challenges and future directions for developing high-performance thermoelectric materials are also discussed.

Keywords: Thermoelectric materials, Seebeck effect, energy conversion, efficiency, waste heat recovery, sustainability.

Author: Kavya Patel

Abstract: Heat transfer in microchannels is a topic of increasing interest due to its wide applications in microelectronics cooling, biomedical devices, and energy systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study of numerical simulations and experimental investigations on heat transfer in microchannels. A detailed analysis is performed on fluid flow characteristics, heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops, and thermal resistance under varying geometrical and operating conditions. The results are compared, and optimization strategies are discussed. The findings provide valuable insights into improving microchannel design and efficiency.

Keywords: Microchannels, heat transfer, numerical simulations, experimental analysis, pressure drop, thermal performance

Author: Ms. Priya Desai

Abstract: The integration of thermal energy storage (TES) systems in renewable energy applications has become increasingly critical to address the intermittency and reliability challenges of renewable energy sources. This paper explores the advancements in TES technologies, focusing on material innovations, system designs, and their applications in solar thermal, wind, and hybrid energy systems. By enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and promoting scalability, TES technologies are paving the way for sustainable energy solutions. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest research, challenges, and future directions in TES systems.

Keywords: Thermal Energy Storage, Renewable Energy, Phase Change Materials, Sensible Heat Storage, Latent Heat Storage, Energy Efficiency, Sustainable Energy

Authors: Shiv Kumar, Arun Sharma

Abstract: The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of advanced thermal management systems (TMS) to ensure optimal performance, safety, and longevity. This paper explores the latest advancements in thermal management technologies, focusing on innovative materials, cooling techniques, and integrated system architectures. Phase change materials (PCMs), liquid cooling systems, and two-phase cooling techniques are highlighted for their potential to address the thermal challenges posed by high-energy-density batteries and power electronics. The paper also discusses the integration of TMS with vehicle control systems and the future directions for enhancing EV efficiency through modular and scalable designs. By addressing the critical thermal management challenges, these advancements can significantly contribute to the widespread adoption and success of electric vehicles.

Keywords: Electric Vehicles (EVs), Thermal Management Systems (TMS), Phase Change Materials (PCMs), Liquid Cooling Systems, Two-Phase Cooling, Battery Thermal Management

Authors: Arjun Kapoor, Priya Deshpande

Abstract: Thermoelectric materials and devices have gained significant attention due to their ability to convert heat into electricity and vice versa, offering promising applications in energy harvesting and cooling technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements and applications of thermoelectric materials. It discusses the historical development and recent progress in improving the thermoelectric efficiency of various materials, including nanostructuring techniques and the introduction of new material classes such as skutterudites and organic thermoelectrics. The challenges facing the field, such as low intrinsic efficiency, high cost, thermal stability, and scalability, are examined in detail. Potential future directions are explored, including hybrid materials, computational material science, and novel manufacturing techniques. The paper also highlights key applications of thermoelectric devices in automotive, industrial, consumer electronics, and medical fields.

Keywords: Thermoelectric materials, Energy harvesting, Seebeck effect, Nanostructuring, Skutterudites, Hybrid materials, Thermoelectric devices, Waste heat recovery

Authors: Ravi Nair, Priya Sharma

Abstract: Heat exchangers play a crucial role in industrial processes, facilitating efficient heat transfer between fluids. Optimizing their performance is essential for enhancing energy efficiency, reducing operational costs, and minimizing environmental impact. This paper explores both computational and experimental approaches to heat exchanger optimization. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and numerical simulations provide detailed analysis of thermal and flow characteristics, while experimental techniques such as infrared thermography, particle image velocimetry (PIV), and laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) offer empirical validation. Challenges in design complexity, thermal and hydraulic constraints, and computational limitations are discussed. The paper also highlights advancements in design methodologies, material innovations, and integration with renewable energy systems. By combining computational, experimental, and machine learning approaches, significant improvements in heat exchanger performance can be achieved, contributing to more sustainable and energy-efficient industrial processes.

Keywords: Heat Exchanger Optimization, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Infrared Thermography, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), Renewable Energy Integration, Machine Learning

Authors: Sonu Kumar, Keshav Sharma

Abstract: The growing need for renewable energy has prompted significant advancements in solar thermal power technology. Solar thermal power plants utilize heat transfer fluids (HTFs) to capture and transfer solar energy for electricity generation. Conventional HTFs such as water, synthetic oils, and molten salts have limitations in thermal conductivity and heat capacity, affecting overall plant efficiency. Nanofluids, which are engineered by dispersing nanoparticles into base fluids, offer a promising solution to enhance HTF properties. This paper reviews the current research on nanofluids, their enhanced thermal conductivity, and heat transfer characteristics. It addresses the challenges of stability, dispersion, and compatibility with existing solar thermal systems. The potential environmental and economic impacts are also discussed, along with case studies and future prospects for nanofluids in improving the efficiency of solar thermal power plants.

Keywords: Nanofluids, Solar thermal power, Heat transfer fluids, Thermal conductivity, Convective heat transfer, Renewable energy, Stability and dispersion

Authors: Arjun Mehta, Rina Das

Abstract: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of TES technologies, including Sensible Heat Storage, Latent Heat Storage, and Thermochemical Storage. It discusses the key challenges facing these systems, such as high costs, material stability, and integration issues. The paper also explores the opportunities presented by TES systems, including enhancing grid stability, supporting renewable energy integration, and offering solutions for industrial and commercial applications. With ongoing advancements in materials and technologies, TES systems could play a crucial role in the future energy landscape, providing reliable and cost-effective energy storage solutions.

 Keywords: Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Sensible Heat Storage, Latent Heat Storage, Thermochemical Storage, Grid Integration, Renewable Energy, Phase Change Materials (PCMs), Energy Storage Technologies

Authors: Hitesh Singh Bisht, Alka Tyagi

Abstract: The integration of advanced thermal energy storage technologies into renewable energy systems and grid applications is becoming increasingly vital in addressing the intermittency and variability of renewable energy sources. This paper investigates various cutting-edge thermal energy storage solutions, including phase change materials (PCMs), thermal batteries, and pumped hydro storage, highlighting their significance in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of renewable energy systems. Furthermore, the paper explores the application of thermal management techniques in electronic devices and electric vehicles, emphasizing their role in optimizing performance, prolonging lifespan, and ensuring safety. Through a comprehensive review of recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities, this paper aims to provide insights into the evolving landscape of energy storage and thermal management technologies.

Keywords: Energy storage, thermal management, phase change materials, thermal batteries, pumped hydro storage, renewable energy systems, grid applications, electronic devices, electric vehicles.

Author: R. Suresh

Abstract: This paper explores innovative heating and cooling technologies with a focus on sustainability and energy efficiency. It delves into various approaches including district heating and cooling systems, heat pumps, absorption chillers, and passive solar heating and cooling techniques for both residential buildings and industrial applications. The research investigates the potential of these technologies to reduce carbon emissions, minimize energy consumption, and contribute to a more sustainable future. Through a comprehensive review and analysis, this paper aims to provide insights into the advancements, challenges, and opportunities in sustainable heating and cooling solutions.

Keywords: Sustainable heating, sustainable cooling, energy efficiency, district heating, district cooling, heat pumps, absorption chillers, passive solar heating, passive solar cooling, sustainability, carbon emissions.

Author: Nisha Chauhan

Abstract: The growing demand for renewable energy sources has led to increased interest in solar thermal collector systems for residential heating applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design, operation, and optimization of solar thermal collector systems to enhance energy efficiency in residential buildings. Various aspects such as collector types, system components, optimization techniques, and performance evaluation methods are discussed. The paper also explores the integration of solar thermal collectors with other renewable energy systems for maximizing energy utilization. Case studies and simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of optimization strategies in improving the overall performance of solar thermal collector systems.

Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar thermal collectors, Residential buildings,    Optimization, Energy efficiency

Authors: Anjali Rawat, Nutan Sharma, Brijesh Negi

Abstract: The efficiency and performance of various engineering systems heavily rely on the effective management of heat transfer mechanisms, including conduction, convection, and radiation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles and advanced applications of heat transfer mechanisms in diverse engineering fields, such as heat exchangers, HVAC systems, and thermal insulation. The review explores recent advancements in enhancing thermal efficiency through innovative approaches, including nanofluids, phase change materials, and advanced heat exchanger designs. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and future prospects in optimizing heat transfer processes for sustainable and energy-efficient engineering applications.

Keywords: Heat transfer, Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Heat exchangers, HVAC systems, Thermal insulation, Nanofluids, Phase change materials, Energy efficiency

Authors: Subramanyam Pavuluri, A.Bala Krishna, Chanugondla Srinu

Abstract: This research delves into the realm of sustainable and ethical crop protection strategies designed to mitigate avian damage in agricultural settings. Focused on creating bird-friendly environments, the study explores innovative methods that balance the need for crop preservation with ethical considerations. From implementing non-lethal deterrents to promoting habitat diversity, the research highlights a comprehensive approach to safeguarding crops against bird infestation. The findings contribute to the development of responsible agricultural practices that prioritize coexistence with avian populations while ensuring optimal crop yields. This paper explores a holistic approach to sustainable agriculture, drawing upon a diverse range of practices and techniques to promote environmentally friendly and economically viable farming systems. Through the integration of physical barriers, such as netting and row covers, alongside natural repellents and scarecrows, farmers can effectively manage pests and environmental stressors while reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Furthermore, companion planting and crop rotation strategies optimize soil health, pest management, and yields by harnessing synergistic plant interactions and nutrient cycling. Investment in training and education programs empowers farmers with the knowledge and skills necessary to implement sustainable practices and make informed decisions. Additionally, proactive monitoring and scouting enable timely intervention, ensuring crop health and productivity while minimizing environmental impact. By embracing these comprehensive approaches to farming, agricultural communities can enhance resilience, improve productivity, and promote long-term sustainability in food production systems.

Keywords: Bird-Friendly Agriculture, Ethical Crop Protection, Avian Pest Management, Sustainable Farming Practices, Coexistence with Birds;

Authors: S. Sivalakshmi

Abstract: Thermal power plants play a pivotal role in meeting the global demand for electricity, but their operation is associated with a range of environmental consequences. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the environmental impacts of thermal power plants, focusing on air pollution, water usage, and the release of greenhouse gases.

Keywords: Thermal power plants, air pollution, water usage, greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation strategies, environmental impact, cleaner technologies, renewable energy, carbon capture and storage, energy efficiency.

Authors: Manoj Yadav, Piyush Malhotra

Abstract: This study investigates the fundamental asymmetry between heating and cooling processes, postulating that these phenomena evolve along distinct thermodynamic pathways. Through a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical modeling, we explore the differing rates and efficiency of heat transfer in both heating and cooling scenarios. Our findings reveal significant discrepancies in the thermodynamic behavior of materials when subjected to heating versus cooling, with notable variations in response time and energy consumption. These results challenge conventional assumptions in thermal physics, suggesting a need to reassess current models and applications, particularly in thermal management systems and energy-efficient technologies. The implications of our study extend to various fields, including material science, environmental engineering, and energy policy, offering a new perspective on optimizing thermal processes for sustainability and efficiency.

Keywords: Thermodynamics, Heating, Cooling, Asymmetry, Thermal Pathways, Energy Efficiency.

Authors: Sudhir Kumar, Pawan Guzaral

Abstract: This study explores the effectiveness of hydrogen cooling in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, with a specific focus on aviation applications. PEM fuel cells, renowned for their high power density and low operating temperature, are emerging as a viable power source for eco-friendly aviation. However, their efficiency and longevity are significantly influenced by thermal management. Effective cooling is crucial, particularly in the demanding environment of aviation, where consistent performance and reliability are paramount.

The research employs a dual approach: experimental analysis and simulation studies. In the experimental phase, a series of tests were conducted to observe the cooling performance of hydrogen in PEM fuel cells under varied conditions, representative of aviation operational environments. These conditions included variations in ambient temperature, humidity, and operational load. The experimental setup was designed to closely mimic the actual application in aircraft.

Complementing the experimental work, simulation studies were carried out to predict the cooling behavior under a wider range of conditions than feasible in experimental setups. These simulations aimed to model the thermal dynamics of PEM fuel cells in flight scenarios, offering insights into their performance during critical flight phases.

The main findings highlight that hydrogen cooling significantly enhances the efficiency and stability of PEM fuel cells in aviation contexts. The study also identifies optimal operational parameters for hydrogen cooling in these applications, contributing valuable guidelines for the design and operation of PEM fuel cells in aircraft. These findings are expected to have substantial implications for the development of greener, more efficient aviation technologies.

Keywords: Hydrogen Cooling, PEM Fuel Cells, Aviation, Thermal Management, Simulation Studies.

Authors: Dr. Ashok Bhushan, Vikram Sharma

Abstract: This study focuses on harnessing the advancements in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to optimize the performance of heat exchangers, which are crucial in various industrial applications. The primary objective is to explore and identify CFD techniques that can enhance the thermal efficiency of heat exchangers by improving fluid flow and heat transfer processes. Utilizing advanced CFD simulation tools, the study analyzes multiple heat exchanger designs under varying operational conditions, such as different fluid properties, flow rates, and temperature gradients.

The methodology involves a comparative analysis of traditional and newly developed heat exchanger models, examining parameters like temperature distribution, pressure drop, and overall thermal efficiency. The simulations provide insights into the impact of design variations on the performance of heat exchangers.

 Significant findings of this research include the identification of optimal design parameters that substantially increase the efficiency of heat exchangers. The study also reveals potential design modifications that can lead to significant energy savings and cost reductions in industrial applications.

Implications of these findings are far-reaching, suggesting a roadmap for future heat exchanger designs that are more efficient and environmentally sustainable. This research contributes to the broader field of thermal engineering by providing practical solutions to enhance energy efficiency through advanced computational techniques.

Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Heat Exchanger, Thermal Efficiency, Fluid Flow, Simulation.

Authors:Subramanyam Pavuluri , A. Bala Krishna, Dr. J.Krishna

Abstract:The world around us is growing at a fast pace and with it, the demand for petroleum products is also increasing. On the other hand, products derived from petroleum are classified as conventional fuels and can only be found in certain parts of the world. In addition to this, excessive utilization of these fuels will increase pollution and is a cause of worry for many countries. The hunt for alternative fuels has been initiated by researchers all around the world, and biodiesel is currently the most significant alternative fuel. Biodiesel is extracted from vegetable oils like neem, coconut, linseed, hemp, jatropha, etc. An in-depth study was carried out to investigate the impact that adding neem oil to diesel would have on the efficiency of CI diesel engines as well as the emissions they would produce. According to the findings of this study, combining neem oil and ethanol led to improved performance and a 22% decrease in the amount of NOx emissions produced.

Keywords:CI diesel engines, pollution, Biodiesel.

Authors:Mayank Bhardwaj, Hitesh Bisht

Abstract:As the demand for energy continues to rise, the efficient utilization of available resources becomes paramount. Waste heat recovery (WHR) presents a promising avenue for enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability in power generation. This paper explores the concept of waste heat recovery, its significance in the context of sustainable power generation, various technologies employed, challenges faced, and potential future developments. Through the effective capture and conversion of waste heat into usable energy, waste heat recovery systems contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, decreased energy consumption, and improved overall system efficiency.

Keywords:Waste Heat Recovery, Sustainable Power Generation, Energy Efficiency, Environmental Impact, Heat Exchangers, Energy Conversion, Resource Conservation

Authors:Swati Thakur

Abstract:The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a versatile thermodynamic process that converts low- to medium-grade heat sources into useful mechanical or electrical energy. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of ORC systems, including thermodynamic analysis, optimization techniques, and their applications in waste heat recovery and renewable energy. Through thermodynamic modeling, parameter sensitivity analysis, and optimization methods, the paper elucidates the critical factors influencing ORC performance and highlights strategies for enhancing efficiency and overall system viability. Real-world case studies further illustrate the practical implementation and benefits of optimized ORC systems.

Keywords:Organic Rankine Cycle, Thermodynamic Analysis, Optimization, Waste Heat Recovery, Renewable Energy.

Authors: K. Hemalatha, P. Sai Vamsi, D. Sai Raj, P. Shanmukha, K. Rakesh

Abstract: The main scope of project is to automatically changing the direction of Robotic vehicle as required whenever any obstacle comes on its way. This technology provides the robots with senses which it can use to traverse in unfamiliar environments without damaging itself. In this paper an Obstacle Avoiding Robot is designed which can detect obstacles in its path and man ever around them without making any collision. Here an ultrasonic sensor is used which detects the presence of any obstacle and sends the singal to microcontroller which changes the directions of the robot. The integration of ultrasonic distance sensors provides higher accuracy in detecting surrounding obstacles. Being a fully autonomous robot, it successfully man Evered in unknown environments without any collision, which is a primary requirement for any autonomous mobile robot. The application of the Obstacle Avoiding robot is not limited and it is used in most of the military organizations now which helps carry out many risky jobs that cannot be done by any soldiers.

Keywords: Avoidance Robot, Obstacle Detection, Robotic Vehicle

Authors:B. Mani Kumar, P. Uday Kumar, Dr. Kuldeep Singh Kulhar, B. Sahithi, T. Sai

Abstract: This paper illustrates the fabrication of the composite made up of E-glass and recycled rubber powder. Composites are materials that are produced from two or more constituent materials. Composite materials play a substantial role in our lives. Composites can replace metals due to their high strength and lightweight. The advantages of using these recycled rubber powder and glass fibre are environmental gains, reduced energy consumption, lightweight, insulation, and sound absorption properties.

The composite comprises glass fibre as the matrix, and micronized rubber powder (MRP) obtained from old tires as filler. The composite is made using the high-compression hand layup method.

The fabricated composites are characterized by flexural, hardness, and tensile testing as per ATSM standards to find the impact of rubber powder as filler material on the mechanical properties of glass-reinforced epoxy composites

Keywords:Composite materials; Rubber powder; Glass Fiber Sheet; Hand layup Method; Light weight.

Authors: R. Hanuma Naik,Palaki Venkatesh , Utla Shravan kumar , Chowki Rajesh, M. Shiva kumar

Abstract: The Rocker bogie mechanism is a mechanism primarily used in Mars’s rovers to overcome the rough terrains while maintaining stability. The rocker-bogie mechanism is just like a climbing robot-type mechanism. It is NASA's important mechanism for space vehicles & rovers. Rocker bogie has the simplest design and the number of wheels is also less. This enables to have a suspension-based mechanism that distributes the vehicle load evenly not only on regular but also on irregular surfaces. The design consists of a spring-free suspension-based differential drive system that allows the bogie to move over rocks, pebbles, and some obstacles. As the tank’s main gun mechanism rotates 360º, so it becomes very easy to throw the ball at any degree angle, and as the project will move on a rough surface like a military tank so it will give military application (Defense Purpose).

Keywords: Rocker Bogie Mechanism, Climbing Robot-Type Mechanism, Military Application