Sustainable and Green Infrastructure Materials for Pavements and Roads: An Integrated Approach towards Eco-Friendly Transportation Systems and Long-Term Infrastructural Resilience

Abstract

Sustainable and green infrastructure represents a transformative paradigm in the development and maintenance of modern pavements and road systems. With the growing emphasis on environmental protection, carbon neutrality, and resource efficiency, the transportation sector is evolving toward the use of ecofriendly materials and sustainable construction practices. This paper explores the utilization of sustainable and green materials in pavement engineering, emphasizing recycled aggregates, warm-mix asphalt, bio-binders, geopolymer concrete, and industrial waste reuse. It also discusses the integration of lifecycle assessment (LCA) techniques, the role of circular economy principles, and the contribution of innovative green technologies to the durability and resilience of road infrastructure. The discussion extends to recent research, case studies, and challenges associated with large-scale implementation. The paper concludes with recommendations for advancing sustainable practices in road construction and maintenance, ensuring the long-term resilience and sustainability of transportation networks.