Non?Equilibrium Plasma Physics in Atmospheric and Space Applications: Interactions, Control Mechanisms, and Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Future Technologies

Abstract

Authors: Dr. Priyanka Verma, Prof. Vivek Nair

ABSTRACT: Non-equilibrium plasma physics has emerged as a vital interdisciplinary field bridging fundamental plasma science and practical applications in atmospheric and space environments. Unlike thermal plasmas, non-equilibrium plasmas exhibit distinct electron, ion, and neutral species temperatures, resulting in unique reactive properties. These plasmas play a critical role in a wide array of applications, including space propulsion, atmospheric pollutant mitigation, material processing, and high-altitude communication. This paper explores the underlying principles of non-equilibrium plasma interactions, methods for controlling plasma behavior, and state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques employed to characterize these systems. Challenges associated with stability, efficiency, and scalability are discussed, alongside the potential scope for future research and technological integration. Understanding and manipulating these plasmas can lead to breakthroughs in energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and space exploration technologies.

KEYWORDS: Non-equilibrium plasma, atmospheric applications, space plasma, plasma diagnostics, plasma control, reactive species, high-altitude communication, propulsion systems.