Pathology-Based Screening and Preventive Strategies for Tuberculosis in High-Burden Regions

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest communicable diseases worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper highlights the importance of pathological diagnostics such as sputum microscopy, chest radiography, and GeneXpert testing in early detection. It further explores how these diagnostic tools influence national and communitylevel preventive strategies, including Directly Observed Therapy (DOT), contact tracing, and BCG vaccination. By examining data from India and subSaharan Africa, the research underscores how pathological interventions can alter the trajectory of TB management. Preventive medicine, informed by lab findings, is presented as a sustainable approach to reducing incidence and mortality.

KEYWORDS: Tuberculosis, GeneXpert, Preventive Strategies, DOTS Program, BCG Vaccine