Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis and Aerodynamic-Structural Coupling Behavior in Large-Scale Wind Turbine Blades for Enhanced Energy Harvesting and Fatigue Performance

Abstract

Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) in wind turbine blades represents a critical area of research in modern wind energy systems, where aerodynamic loads from wind flow interact dynamically with the structural flexibility of turbine blades. This complex coupling between aerodynamics and structural mechanics significantly influences power generation efficiency, fatigue life, and overall operational stability. As turbine blades continue to increase in size to capture more energy, FSI effects become more pronounced, requiring advanced modeling and simulation approaches. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, modeling techniques, challenges, and future directions in FSI analysis of large-scale wind turbine blades. Emphasis is placed on the role of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA), and coupled simulation frameworks to predict real-time deformation and fatigue. The study concludes with insights into optimization strategies, control mechanisms, and design innovations aimed at improving blade reliability and energy conversion efficiency.

KEYWORDS: Fluid–Structure Interaction, Wind Turbine Blades, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Finite Element Analysis, Aerodynamic Coupling, Fatigue Life, Structural Optimization