Ambient IoT and Battery-Free Edge Sensors: Revolutionizing Low Power Edge Computing

Abstract

ABSTRACT The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the emergence of battery-free edge sensors that can operate using ambient energy sources. Ambient IoT leverages energy harvesting, low-power communication protocols, and edge intelligence to enable pervasive sensing without the reliance on traditional batteries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in ambient IoT and battery-free edge sensors, including energy harvesting mechanisms, communication strategies, and deployment architectures. We highlight key challenges such as intermittent power, energy management, and security, while presenting potential solutions and future research directions. This study emphasizes the transformative role of battery free IoT devices in enabling sustainable, low-maintenance, and scalable edge computing systems for smart cities, healthcare, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring.

KEYWORDS: Ambient IoT, Battery-Free Sensors, Energy Harvesting, Edge Computing, Low-Power Communication, Pervasive Sensing