Forensic Toxicology in Ayurveda: An In-Depth Examination of the Traditional Concepts of Visha, Their Relevance in Contemporary Postmortem Investigations, and the Integration of Ancient Wisdom with Modern Forensic Practices

Abstract

Forensic toxicology is a specialized discipline that examines the presence, distribution, and effects of toxic substances in the human body, often aiding legal investigations. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, contains elaborate descriptions of poisons (visha), their classification, physiological effects, and management in both living and dead individuals. The Ayurvedic branch of Agada Tantra is devoted to toxicology and highlights the role of poisons in natural, accidental, and homicidal circumstances. Although modern forensic science uses advanced analytical tools, revisiting Ayurvedic toxicological knowledge offers valuable perspectives for medico-legal practices, particularly in cases of postmortem investigation. This paper attempts to explore forensic toxicology in Ayurveda, emphasizing its significance in postmortem studies, challenges in practical integration, and potential for future interdisciplinary collaboration between traditional knowledge and modern forensic science.

KEYWORDS: Forensic Toxicology, Ayurveda, Agada Tantra, Postmortem Investigation, Visha, Poisons, Medicolegal, Ancient Medicine