Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: A Review of Technology, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), offering high energy efficiency, zero tailpipe emissions, and fast refueling capabilities. This review provides an overview of the working principles of hydrogen fuel cells, their integration into automotive systems, current technological advancements, infrastructure requirements, and environmental impact. Challenges related to hydrogen production, storage, and distribution are discussed, along with potential solutions. The paper also examines global adoption trends, market growth, and future prospects for HFCVs in sustainable transportation. The aim is to present a holistic understanding of hydrogen fuel cell technology in the automotive sector and its role in achieving low-carbon mobility.

KEYWORDS: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Sustainable Transportation, Hydrogen Storage, Zero-Emission Vehicles