Nearshoring, Supplier Diversification, and Geopolitical Strategies in Modern Supply Chains

Abstract

Global supply chains have undergone serious transformation after disruptions caused by pandemics, trade wars, regional conflicts, and political uncertainties. Firms are increasingly rethinking their sourcing strategies and geographic footprints. Nearshoring, supplier diversification, and geopolitical risk management have emerged as critical strategic approaches for improving supply chain resilience and continuity. This paper reviews recent developments in these strategies and analyzes how organizations integrate them into operational planning. It discusses the benefits and limitations of nearshoring, the importance of multi-supplier networks, and the role of geopolitical intelligence in decision making. The paper also provides tables and conceptual figures to illustrate strategic frameworks adopted by firms. It is observed that companies moving away from single-region dependency are able to reduce disruption risk, improve responsiveness, and gain political stability advantages. However, cost trade-offs, infrastructure gaps, and coordination issues remain challenges. The study highlights that future supply chains will be designed not only on cost efficiency but also on resilience and geopolitical alignment