Last Mile Logistics and Emissions Tradeoffs

Abstract

Last mile logistics, the final step in the delivery process from distribution centers to end consumers, is a critical component of modern supply chains. While technological advancements and e-commerce growth have improved delivery efficiency, last mile logistics contribute significantly to urban congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the environmental implications of last mile logistics, exploring tradeoffs between service efficiency and emissions reduction. Various delivery models, including traditional van-based delivery, micro-fulfillment, crowdshipping, and green logistics approaches, are analyzed. Additionally, this study examines strategies such as route optimization, alternative fuel vehicles, and delivery consolidation to mitigate emissions without compromising service quality. The paper concludes with a discussion on future research directions and policy implications for sustainable last mile logistics.