Nanoelectronic Devices Using Emerging Materials

Abstract

ABSTRACT The relentless demand for faster, smaller, and energy-efficient electronics has catalyzed the development of nanoelectronic devices using emerging materials beyond conventional silicon technology. Materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus (BP), and organic semiconductors demonstrate exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that are attractive for next-generation nanoelectronic applications. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the properties, fabrication methods, device architectures, and applications of nanoelectronic devices based on these materials. Comparative analyses of performance metrics, material advantages, and integration strategies are presented. The paper also highlights challenges such as environmental instability, fabrication scalability, and integration with existing CMOS technology, and discusses potential future research directions, including heterostructures, flexible electronics, and AI driven material optimization.

KEYWORDS: Nanoelectronics, Emerging materials, Graphene, TMDs, Black phosphorus, Organic semiconductors, Low-power devices, Flexible electronics