Health Equity and Disparities in Adolescent Girls’ Gynecologic Care and Pediatric Gynecology: A Comprehensive Review of Barriers, Determinants, and Future Directions in Global and Community Health

Abstract

Health equity in adolescent girls’ gynecologic care is a pivotal aspect of global health, focusing on ensuring equal access, quality, and outcomes across populations regardless of socioeconomic status, geography, race, or gender norms. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) addresses sensitive issues such as menstrual health, reproductive education, sexual abuse, puberty management, and early gynecologic disorders. However, disparities persist due to social, cultural, and systemic barriers that limit access to timely care. This paper explores the key determinants of inequity, including socio-economic constraints, gender bias, healthcare accessibility, and cultural taboos. It further highlights existing challenges, recent research findings, and future strategies to promote equitable gynecologic care for adolescent girls. Emphasis is placed on the integration of education, policy reform, and culturally sensitive healthcare systems.

KEYWORDS: Health equity, adolescent girls, pediatric gynecology, disparities, reproductive health, menstrual health, gender bias, healthcare access