Neonatal Jaundice: Assessment and Phototherapy Nursing Care

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical condition affecting nearly 60% of term infants and 80% of preterm infants during the first week of life. It results from elevated serum bilirubin levels due to immature hepatic function, increased bilirubin production, or impaired excretion. Early recognition and timely intervention are essential to prevent complications such as acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. This paper discusses the etiology, clinical assessment, risk identification, and diagnostic evaluation of neonatal jaundice. Further, it highlights the principles and nursing considerations in phototherapy—the standard treatment modality used to reduce bilirubin levels. Nursing responsibilities such as maintaining thermal stability, monitoring hydration, preventing phototherapy-related complications, maintaining eye protection, and ensuring parental education are emphasized. A table presenting bilirubin classification and a figure illustrating phototherapy setup are included to support clinical understanding.

KEYWORDS: Neonatal jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, phototherapy, bilirubin assessment, nursing care, newborn health